解决ffmpeg无法调用intel QSV转码一例

最近在Debian下使用ffmpeg，调用intel QSV转换视频时遇到一个问题

废话

原本我使用的命令是

ffmpeg -i 1.mp4 -b:v 4000k -c:v h264_qsv -preset fast -c:a copy -y -stats 2.mp4

h264_qsv 是 ffmpeg 中的一个编码器，可以使用Intel QSV(Quick Sync Video)来实现硬件加速技术来进行H.264视频的编码

最近新换了硬件，于是顺手也重做了系统，发现问题来了。使用上述命令转码时，提示

[AVHWDeviceContext @ 0x65217f5774c0] Failed to initialise VAAPI connection: -1 (unknown libva error).
[h264_qsv @ 0x65217e1a8dc0] Failed to create a VAAPI device.
Error initializing output stream 0:0 — Error while opening encoder for output stream #0:0 – maybe incorrect parameters such as bit_rate, rate, width or height

首先我想到的是，查看 /dev/dir

root@AIO:~# ls /dev/dri
by-path  card1	renderD128

能加载到核显啊，奇怪，再看看驱动

#安装驱动和vainfo
apt install intel-media-va-driver vainfo -y

root@AIO:~# vainfo
error: can't connect to X server!
libva info: VA-API version 1.17.0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iHD_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_17
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.17 (libva 2.12.0)
vainfo: Driver version: Intel iHD driver for Intel(R) Gen Graphics - 23.1.1 ()
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
      VAProfileMPEG2Simple            :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileMPEG2Main              :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264Main               :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264Main               :	VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
      VAProfileH264High               :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264High               :	VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
      VAProfileJPEGBaseline           :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileJPEGBaseline           :	VAEntrypointEncPicture
      VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:	VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
      VAProfileVP8Version0_3          :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileHEVCMain               :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileHEVCMain10             :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileVP9Profile0            :	VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileVP9Profile2            :	VAEntrypointVLD

驱动也是一切正常啊~~

期间各种搜索和折腾，直到翻阅到debian下关于硬件加速的官方文档：https://wiki.debian.org/HardwareVideoAcceleration#VA-API

有句话点醒了我

For Intel, it’s split generationally, and into free and non-free drivers. The non-free drivers are necessary to encode media while the free drivers can only decode

对于英特尔来说，它按代数分为free和non-free驱动程序。non-free驱动程序是编码媒体所必需的，而free驱动程序只能解码

我日哦！

解决

给apt加上 non-free non-free-firmware

#/etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

apt update 更新一下，然后安装 non-free 版驱动

apt install intel-media-va-driver-non-free

再次尝试，恢复正常